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10 Things To Know About Buying Your First Gun

Purchasing a firearm in the U.S. can seem overwhelming, especially with the varied rules and processes involved. For those new to firearms, the steps involved in legally buying a gun may not be as straightforward as they appear. Here’s what you need to know to help make the buying experience easier and safer.

1. Research State and Local Regulations

1. Research State and Local Regulations
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Gun laws vary significantly from state to state. While federal laws cover certain aspects of firearm purchases, state and even local regulations can impose additional restrictions. For example, certain types of firearms, like those considered “assault weapons,” may be legal in some states but banned in others. Make sure to understand your local regulations before you even think about stepping into a gun store.

2. Buying Online Is Not the Same as Buying in Person

2. Buying Online Is Not the Same as Buying in Person
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Buying a firearm online is legal but differs from a standard online purchase. The gun cannot be shipped directly to your home; instead, it must be sent to a licensed Federal Firearms License (FFL) dealer in your area. Once it arrives, you will need to complete the background check and paperwork at that dealer, similar to an in-person purchase.

3. The Form 4473 is Mandatory

3. The Form 4473 is Mandatory
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When buying a firearm from a licensed dealer, you’ll need to fill out a Form 4473, a background check form required by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives (ATF). This form asks for personal details and includes a series of questions to determine your eligibility to own a firearm. It’s essential to fill out this form carefully, as any errors could delay the process.

4. The Background Check: Proceed, Delay, or Deny

4. The Background Check Proceed, Delay, or Deny
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After you complete the Form 4473, the dealer will run a background check through the National Instant Criminal Background Check System (NICS). The result will typically come back in one of three ways: “Proceed,” meaning you’re clear to buy; “Delay,” which allows for up to three days of additional checking; or “Deny,” which prohibits the sale. This system isn’t perfect, but it’s a legal requirement for licensed firearm purchases.

5. Identification and Proof of Residency are Essential

5. Identification and Proof of Residency are Essential
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A current, government-issued ID with your correct address is required to buy a gun. This means your ID must match your actual residence. If you’ve recently moved and haven’t updated your ID, you may face delays. Proof of residency can sometimes be confirmed with a second form of ID, depending on your state’s regulations.

6. Carrying Permits Can Expedite the Process

6. Carrying Permits Can Expedite the Process
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If you have a concealed carry permit, you may be able to skip the NICS background check when buying a firearm. In many states, a current carry permit serves as a form of background verification, meaning you can often walk out with your firearm the same day. However, you’ll still need to complete the Form 4473.

7. Understanding Private Sales and “Gun Show Loopholes”

7. Understanding Private Sales and “Gun Show Loopholes”
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Private firearm sales don’t always require background checks, depending on state laws. For instance, if you’re buying a gun from an individual rather than a dealer, you may not need to go through the formal background check process. This is often referred to as the “gun show loophole,” though it’s worth noting that many private sellers and states still require checks or permits.

8. Know What You’re Buying and Why

8. Know What You’re Buying and Why
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Whether it’s for home defense, hunting, or sport, it’s important to know why you’re buying a gun. The type of firearm you choose should fit its intended use. For beginners, a simple model with straightforward operation is often recommended. Don’t get caught up in the latest “movie gun” hype – find something that suits your actual needs.

9. Gun Safety and Storage Are Key

9. Gun Safety and Storage Are Key
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Owning a gun means taking responsibility for its safe storage. A quality gun safe or lockable case can prevent unauthorized access and theft. Firearm owners should also be mindful of how their guns are stored when not in use, especially if they have children or guests in the house.

10. Consider Taking a Gun Safety or Training Class

10. Consider Taking a Gun Safety or Training Class
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If you’re new to firearms, a safety or training class can be invaluable. These classes offer hands-on instruction in safe gun handling, maintenance, and shooting fundamentals. They’re an excellent way to get comfortable with a firearm and learn the basic skills needed for responsible ownership.

Understanding Background Checks and Federal Regulations

Understanding Background Checks and Federal Regulations
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Federal laws regulate nearly every step of the firearm sales process, from manufacturer to dealer to buyer. FFL dealers are required to keep records of every sale for inspection by federal agents, and any suspicious sales can be flagged. This is one reason buying a firearm from a licensed dealer provides peace of mind that you’re following legal procedures.

Gun Ownership as a Right and Responsibility

Gun Ownership as a Right and Responsibility
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Many Americans view gun ownership as a fundamental right, essential for personal and community protection. However, it’s also a significant responsibility. Understanding and respecting gun laws, practicing safe handling, and storing firearms securely are all crucial aspects of responsible gun ownership. Educating yourself on these topics before buying your first firearm ensures you’re prepared to handle the responsibilities that come with it.

Buying a gun in the U.S. might seem complex, but taking the time to understand the requirements will make the process smoother and help you become a more informed and responsible gun owner.