Foraging for mushrooms can be a rewarding outdoor activity, but it’s critical to remember that not every mushroom growing in the wild is safe to eat. Among the 5,000 known mushroom species, only a small fraction is highly toxic, yet this tiny percentage is responsible for some of the deadliest poisonings on record. Here, we dive into the 10 most dangerous mushrooms to steer clear of — some even by sight alone.
1. Death Cap (Amanita phalloides)

Nicknamed the “Death Cap,” this deadly mushroom has earned its place as the most lethal fungi on earth. Found worldwide, its appearance can deceive foragers into mistaking it for edible varieties. With just one cap, this mushroom can cause multiple organ failures within a matter of days. Its greenish-brown cap and white gills are classic identifiers, and it’s often sticky to the touch. Unfortunately, no cooking or drying method removes its toxins, making it perilous from the start.
2. Poison Fire Coral (Trichoderma cornu-damae)

The Poison Fire Coral is so deadly it even poses a risk through skin contact. This mushroom has toxins that can be absorbed just by touching it, a rarity in the mushroom kingdom. Found mainly in Japan and Korea, its vibrant red color should be a warning, yet its shape can easily mislead those unfamiliar with its danger. Symptoms of exposure range from vomiting and diarrhea to brain damage, often leading to death if untreated. Even a single gram can be fatal, so avoid any contact with this striking but sinister mushroom.
3. Angel Wing (Pleurocybella porrigens)

Don’t be fooled by the delicate appearance of the Angel Wing mushroom. With fan-shaped, white caps that look innocent, it was once considered edible in Japan. That is, until it was linked to encephalopathy and kidney failure in those with preexisting conditions. A severe outbreak in 2004 caused 17 fatalities, forcing authorities to issue stern warnings about its consumption.
4. Fly Agaric (Amanita muscaria)

The iconic red and white-spotted Fly Agaric might look straight out of a fairy tale, but it’s anything but friendly. Its active compound, muscimol, is psychoactive and highly toxic. Commonly mistaken for an edible mushroom, Fly Agaric can lead to severe vomiting, hallucinations, and even paralysis. Although rare, fatalities have occurred, especially when individuals consume multiple caps. Be mindful if you spot this bright red mushroom during your foraging trips.
5. Deadly Webcap (Cortinarius rubellus)

This rusty brown mushroom is infamous for causing kidney failure with even a small dose. Often found in coniferous forests, the Deadly Webcap contains orellanine, a toxin that destroys kidney tissue and may not show symptoms until days after ingestion. Its misleading resemblance to edible mushrooms makes it especially dangerous, so cautious identification is key.
6. Fool’s Mushroom (Amanita verna)

As its name suggests, the Fool’s Mushroom can be a deadly mistake for inexperienced foragers. This pure white mushroom has smooth caps and gills, resembling edible mushrooms. However, it contains the same potent toxins as the Death Cap and is known to cause liver and kidney damage within hours of consumption. Foragers should use extreme caution with any wild mushrooms that resemble this one.
7. False Parasol (Chlorophyllum molybdites)

The False Parasol, or Green-Spored Lepiota, is deceptively similar to edible varieties but can cause severe gastrointestinal issues within hours. Commonly found in lawns and gardens, it often entices novice mushroom hunters. While it rarely causes fatalities, the intense stomach cramps and vomiting it brings make it one to avoid.
8. East Asian Death Cap (Amanita subjunquillea)

Another highly toxic member of the Amanita family, the East Asian Death Cap, has a yellow cap that grows darker toward the center. Ingesting this mushroom can lead to liver damage, pancreas inflammation, and severe blood clotting disorders. Its 12.5% mortality rate makes it one of the most dangerous mushrooms in East Asia, and its resemblance to some edible varieties only adds to the risk.
9. Shiitake Impostor (Omphalotus japonicus)

This glow-in-the-dark mushroom may look fascinating, especially under the moonlight, but it’s no friend to mushroom hunters. Known as Tsukiyotake or the Moon Night Mushroom in Japan, it has a similar appearance to the edible shiitake but with bioluminescent properties. Ingesting it results in hours of intense nausea, vomiting, and abdominal cramps. Its alluring glow is not worth the risk of mistaking it for a harmless mushroom.
10. Smith’s Amanita (Amanita smithiana)

Typically found in North American forests, Smith’s Amanita is known for its pale white cap and is often mistaken for pine mushrooms. This mushroom contains toxins that can induce severe vomiting and diarrhea, often leading to kidney failure. Some unfortunate foragers have mistaken it for an edible species, only to suffer significant health complications requiring hospitalization.
Foraging Safely: Respect the Wild Fungi

Mushrooms have a beauty and mystique that draws curious hunters, but even experienced foragers know that the risk of misidentification can be deadly. Poisonous mushrooms often resemble safe, edible types, leading to unfortunate mix-ups that can have severe, even fatal consequences.
Remembering the Risks

While not every mushroom you find in the forest is deadly, the small fraction that is can be devastating. Knowing how to identify dangerous species and bringing an experienced guide along are essential steps for anyone interested in foraging. Also, avoid touching any mushroom that seems unusual or emits a strong odor.
Final Word of Caution

The dangers of wild mushrooms can’t be overstated. When in doubt, it’s always better to err on the side of caution. These mushrooms might look captivating in the wild, but the risks they carry aren’t worth a single bite. So next time you’re on a woodland walk, admire these dangerous mushrooms from a safe distance.

Growing up in the Pacific Northwest, John developed a love for the great outdoors early on. With years of experience as a wilderness guide, he’s navigated rugged terrains and unpredictable weather patterns. John is also an avid hunter and fisherman who believes in sustainable living. His focus on practical survival skills, from building shelters to purifying water, reflects his passion for preparedness. When he’s not out in the wild, you can find him sharing his knowledge through writing, hoping to inspire others to embrace self-reliance.