Greenland, the world’s largest island, is a place of remarkable contrasts and untapped mysteries. From its icy landscapes and deep cultural roots to its growing geopolitical significance, Greenland is far more than just a cold, remote destination. Here are 13 fascinating facts about Greenland that will not only surprise you but also offer a new perspective on this Arctic marvel.
1. Why the U.S. Wants Greenland

Greenland’s strategic location and resources have made it a focal point for global powers. The island is rich in rare earth minerals essential for technologies like electric vehicles and smartphones. As the ice melts, these resources become more accessible, attracting interest from countries like the United States and China.
The U.S. has actively worked to block Chinese investments in Greenland, emphasizing the island’s importance for national security. Greenland also holds significant military value, as its location offers control over the Arctic and a key point for monitoring global activities. While Greenland’s residents have no interest in selling their land, its geopolitical significance continues to grow.
2. Greenland Wasn’t Always Frozen

The name “Greenland” may seem ironic for a land blanketed in ice, but it has historical roots. Over two million years ago, Greenland was a verdant, green paradise. The island’s modern name came from Erik the Red, an Icelandic explorer exiled for murder. Hoping to attract settlers, he named the island “Greenland” to evoke an image of fertility and opportunity. While most of the island is now covered in ice, southern Greenland does live up to its name during the summer months, with lush landscapes and pastures reminiscent of its ancient greenery. This historical tidbit adds a layer of intrigue to a place often perceived as an icy wilderness.
3. A Giant Among Islands

Greenland’s sheer size is staggering. At 836,330 square miles, it is the world’s largest island, dwarfing countries like France or Germany. To put it into perspective, Greenland is about three times the size of Texas. Despite its size, roughly 80% of the island is covered by an Arctic ice sheet, making the remaining landmass – comparable in size to Sweden – all the more significant. This ice sheet, which holds 10% of the world’s fresh water, has drawn scientists and adventurers alike to study its secrets. The vastness of Greenland gives it a sense of mystery and underscores its global importance in understanding climate change.
4. A Unique Political Identity

Greenland’s political identity is as fascinating as its geography. Though it remains part of the Kingdom of Denmark, it is governed autonomously. Greenland was granted home rule in 1979 and extended self-rule in 2009, allowing it to manage most of its domestic affairs independently. While Denmark still oversees foreign policy and defense, Greenland has the option to take on more responsibilities as it becomes ready. This political arrangement highlights the island’s growing push for independence, which has been fueled by its rich cultural identity and emerging economic opportunities.
5. No Roads Between Towns

In most countries, highways and railways connect cities and towns. Not in Greenland. Due to its rugged terrain, massive ice sheet, and scattered settlements, there are no roads or railways linking communities. Travel between towns requires boats, helicopters, or small aircraft. In some cases, traditional methods like dog sledding or snowmobiling are still essential. This lack of infrastructure makes Greenland one of the most isolated places on Earth, and visiting often means embracing adventure. It also reflects the ingenuity of Greenlanders, who have adapted to life in such a challenging environment.
6. A Language Rich in History

Greenland is a multilingual society where Greenlandic (Kalaallisut), Danish, and English are commonly spoken. Greenlandic, the island’s official language, is part of the Inuit language family and shares similarities with languages spoken in Canada and Alaska. Words like “kayak” and “igloo” have even made their way into other languages from Greenlandic roots. Since achieving home rule, Greenland has prioritized preserving its language and culture, with schools teaching Greenlandic alongside Danish and English. The preservation of language highlights Greenland’s commitment to maintaining its identity in a globalized world.
7. The Midnight Sun and Polar Night

Greenland experiences some of the most extraordinary natural phenomena due to its location in the Arctic Circle. From late May to late July, the sun never sets in many parts of the island, creating the phenomenon known as the Midnight Sun. This continuous daylight allows for endless exploration and activities during the summer months. On the flip side, winter brings the polar night, where the sun doesn’t rise for weeks or months, depending on the latitude. These extreme conditions not only shape the way of life for Greenlanders but also offer a once-in-a-lifetime experience for visitors.
8. The Largest National Park on Earth

Greenland is home to the world’s largest national park, spanning an astonishing 375,000 square miles. Located in the northeast corner of the island, this park protects a pristine Arctic wilderness filled with glaciers, fjords, and unique wildlife. Access is strictly controlled, requiring special permits, which helps preserve its fragile ecosystems. The park’s untouched beauty makes it a haven for researchers and adventurers who seek to explore one of the last true wildernesses on Earth.
9. An Inuit Majority

Greenland is deeply rooted in Inuit culture, with nearly 90% of its population descending from Inuit ancestors. Their traditions, such as hunting, fishing, and dog sledding, remain central to Greenlandic life. However, the term “Eskimo” is considered offensive, and “Inuit” or “Kalaallisut” is preferred. Greenlanders also share cultural and linguistic bonds with Inuit communities in Canada and Alaska, creating a sense of solidarity across the Arctic. This cultural richness makes Greenland not just a geographic marvel but also a cultural treasure.
10. Boats Rule the Roads

With no roads connecting towns, boats are the primary mode of transportation in Greenland. The extensive coastline, dotted with fjords and waterways, acts as a natural highway system. Boats outnumber cars in most towns, and smaller communities often have no cars at all. This reliance on the sea for transport underscores Greenlanders’ deep connection to their environment and their adaptability in such a unique landscape.
11. Fishing Fuels the Economy

Fishing is the backbone of Greenland’s economy, accounting for 90% of its exports. Shrimp and fish are the primary products, and strict regulations ensure sustainable practices. Hunting and fishing are not just economic activities but also cultural traditions, with whale and seal meat playing an important role in the local diet. Despite being self-sufficient in seafood, Greenland relies on imports for most other goods, highlighting the challenges of its remote location.
12. The World’s Northernmost Capital

Nuuk, Greenland’s capital, is the northernmost capital city in the world. Though small, with a population of around 18,000, Nuuk is a vibrant cultural hub. The city hosts art galleries, theaters, and music festivals, including the renowned Nuuk Nordisk Culture Festival. This dynamic cultural scene contrasts sharply with Nuuk’s rugged Arctic surroundings, offering a unique blend of tradition and modernity.
13. A Land of Incredible Isolation

Greenland’s vastness and sparse population make it one of the most isolated places on Earth. The absence of major infrastructure and its Arctic climate create a sense of remoteness that few places can match. This isolation is both a challenge and a draw for those seeking to experience true wilderness. Whether it’s the silence of the tundra or the majesty of the ice fjords, Greenland offers an escape from the modern world unlike anywhere else.
The Beauty and Complexity of the Arctic

Greenland is not just a land of ice and snow. Its rich history, vibrant culture, and strategic importance make it one of the most fascinating places on Earth. From its Inuit heritage to its role in global geopolitics, Greenland offers a glimpse into a world that feels both ancient and vital for the future. Whether you’re drawn to its natural wonders or its cultural depth, Greenland stands as a testament to the beauty and complexity of the Arctic.

Growing up in the Pacific Northwest, John developed a love for the great outdoors early on. With years of experience as a wilderness guide, he’s navigated rugged terrains and unpredictable weather patterns. John is also an avid hunter and fisherman who believes in sustainable living. His focus on practical survival skills, from building shelters to purifying water, reflects his passion for preparedness. When he’s not out in the wild, you can find him sharing his knowledge through writing, hoping to inspire others to embrace self-reliance.